Articles
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Intestinal tumors are uncommon in dogs and cats, comprising about 2% of all cancers. There are many kinds, including leiomyosarcomas, lymphomas, adenocarcinomas, mast cell tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), plasmacytomas, carcinoids, and osteosarcomas (all malignant) and leiomyomas, adenomatous polyps, and adenomas (all benign). Most intestinal tumors are malignant. Intestinal tumors are more prevalent in older animals and certain breeds. Signs, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed.
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In some cases, two laid-back adult cats can be easily introduced with minimal drama. In other cases, however, the introduction does not go as smoothly. Some adult cats may physically fight with each other, resulting in potential injuries. Even in the absence of physical aggression, introductions can provoke anxiety that leads to inappropriate elimination, decreased appetite, or other signs of stress in one or both cats. Fortunately, you can help increase the likelihood of success by introducing two adult cats slowly and gradually.
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Isoflupredone combinations topical are combination medications containing isoflupredone (a corticosteroid) and other medications. Isoflupredone may be compounded with an antibiotic, a local anesthetic, or other medications to treat surface skin conditions where use of a steroid combination product is indicated. Its use may off label (extra label) depending on the species, condition(s) being treated, and formulation. Isoflupredone combinations topical come in powder and ointment forms, often specially compounded.
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Isopropyl myristate topical (brand name Resultix®) is a topical, non-insecticidal product containing an ester alcohol (isopropyl) and an acid (myristate). It is used for the removal and killing of attached, crawling ticks on cats and dogs. Sprays are applied topically, directly to the skin at the site of tick attachment.
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Ketamine (brand name Ketaset®) is an NMDA-receptor antagonist used to facilitate restraint/immobilization and to induce anesthesia for surgical procedures in cats, dogs, rabbits, rodents, birds, reptiles, and other animals. It may also be used for adjunctive pain control for post-surgical or chronic pain. It is labeled for use as a restraint and anesthetic agent in cats – all other uses are off label (extra label). Ketamine comes in an injectable form and is a controlled substance.
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Ketoconazole otic is an antifungal used in the treatment of external ear infections (otitis externa) caused by yeast in cats, dogs, and other animals. Ketoconazole otic comes in ointment or liquid drop suspension forms that may be specially compounded and/or combined into a formulation with other medications.
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Ketoconazole topical is an antifungal used in the treatment of skin infections caused by fungal organisms in cats, dogs, and other animals. It comes in a variety of forms that may be specially compounded and/or be combined with other medications.
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L-Theanine (Anxitane®, Composure®) is a nutritional supplement used to treat anxiety and environment-induced stress in dogs and cats. It is an amino acid found in green tea that promotes relaxation without causing drowsiness. L-Theanine is not intended for use in animals with severe phobias or separation anxiety, or in animals with a known history of aggression.
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The lacrimal duct is part of the nasolacrimal system, a series of narrow tubes that allow tears to drain from the eye into the nose and mouth. This duct can sometimes become blocked or fail to develop properly, resulting in tears overflowing and potentially staining the face below the eye. The clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment options for the condition are explained in this handout.
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Lactated Ringer’s solution (also known as LRS, Ringer’s Lactate) is a fluid and electrolyte (salts) replacement solution used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances in cats, dogs, birds, pocket pets (small mammals), and other animals. Lactated Ringer’s solution comes in injectable form, usually given subcutaneously for at home administration.
